[ERP Decoding] EEG - Electronencephalography

2023. 2. 7. 14:09
๐Ÿง  Key Words

ERP Decoding
EEG - Electronencephalography
ERP Activity
Temporal resolution
Working memory

 

 

๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

 

EEG

  • Hans Berger (1873 ~ 1941)
  • It is amazing that we can record brain activity from the surface of the head !!!
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์—ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ brain activity๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • Non-invasive method
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , electron์„ ๋‘ํ”ผ์— ๋ถ™์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋‡ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด๋‹ค.
  • voltage์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ถœ์ฒ˜ : https://stock.adobe.com/kr/images/electroencephalogram-eeg-the-use-of-electrodes-to-read-small-electromagnetic-waves-from-the-human-brain/228822933

 

์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

 

์ถœ์ฒ˜ : https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Single-trial-EEG-at-channel-Cz-from-the-imaginary-tasks-BL-and-ML-The-black-trace-shows_fig3_26790050

 

 

์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Single-trial EEG์—์„œ,

 

  • trial ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ voltage์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.
  • ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฑ„๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด voltage์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.
  • ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, EEG trials๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
    • What's the commonality in these EEG trials ?
  • ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ERP ์ด๋‹ค.

 

ERPs (Event-Related Potentials)

์ถœ์ฒ˜ : http://faculty.washington.edu/losterho/erp_tutorial.htm

 

 

  • ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „์œ„.
  • ์ผ์ • ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋‚ด์–ด randomํ•œ noise๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ EEG Trial ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ site๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— univariate analysis๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•จ.
  • ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ๋“ค(N1, P1, ...)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ.
  • ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
    • ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์ธ์ง€์  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•จ.
    • ERPs reflect a variety of cognitive Processes.
      • Stimulus Onset
      • Initial Sensory Response
      • Higher perceptual processes
      • Task-dependent Categorization
      • Response Selection
      • Working Memory Encoding
      • Post-Response Evaluation
      • Emotional Response 
    • ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†’์€ temporal resolution(์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ํ•ด์ƒ๋„)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
      • ์ฆ‰, ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ERPs์— ๋ฐ˜์˜์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
      • ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ERP์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด๋‹ค.
      • fMRI๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ special resolution์ด ๋†’์Œ.
    • ์ž๊ทน์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
      • The Standard ERP analysis 
      • ์•„๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ƒ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์ด๋ฉด ์™ผ์ชฝ ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ, ํ•‘ํฌ์ƒ‰์ด๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋Š” OddBall Task์ด๋‹ค.
      • ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ task์—์„œ๋„ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ERPs ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
      • As we change the stimulus or task conditions, do we see consistent differences in the EEG/ERP signals?
      • "์ด ์ž๊ทน์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค."
      • ๋†’์€ temporal resolution์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
     

์ถœ์ฒ˜ : https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Example-of-an-oddball-paradigm-in-the-visual-domain-Visual-stimuli-are-presented-in-a_fig3_263707712

 

 

 

๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ Contra-lateral delay activity๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ถœ์ฒ˜ : https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.00978.2009

 

  • ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Cue๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ Test์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
  • ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, cue๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ channel์€ Ipsi , ์™ผ์ชฝ channel์€ Contra๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด ๋‘ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด ๋‘˜์„ overlabํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
    • This difference increases with the number of items to remember.
    • ๋งŽ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง„๋‹ค.
    • ์ด ERP activity๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ Working memory ์† ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • Does this effect reflect the actual memory representation or a support process?
  • ์ปจํ…์ธ ์ธ์ง€ neural process์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

 

 

Physical Stimulus์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

์ฆ‰, Mental representation of the stimulus.

 

์ด ํ‘œ์ƒ์ด 45๋„๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง„ orientation์ธ๊ฐ€, ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์ธ๊ฐ€, motion direction์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ ,

 

์ด ํ‘œ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ computation์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Behavioral Response๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

'Biology > EEG' ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ€

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